Tod Browning’s Freaks

SPOILER WARNING!!!

Tod Browning’s Freaks is notoriously the film that fell so foul with the studio and audiences of the time that even after cutting around a third of its running time the degree of revulsion it produced pretty much ended the director’s career. Having run away to join the circus as a teenager, Browning had spent spent much of his life around circus performers and felt them much maligned by society. Although he’d touched on similar themes before, Browning had always used professional actors made up to appear as if they were in someway different but this time he was determined to use genuine sideshow performers – a decision that would prove too radical for the society of the time.

Although it’s often placed into the horror genre, Freaks is really a tale of revenge and poetic mob justice in which the surrogate family of the carnival people punish the ‘normal’ couple who have tried to harm one of their own by the only method of justice that’s open to them – absorbing the miscreants into their own group. Hans is engaged to Frieda who like him is a midget but has become infatuated with the beautiful trapeze artist Cleopatra. Cleopatra, however, has recently stolen the boyfriend of another performer, the strongman Hercules, and together they mock Hans’ courteous courting whilst accepting his generous gifts and loans of money. When Frieda confronts Cleopatra about her treatment of Hans and lets slip that Hans has recently come into an inheritance, Cleopatra and Herman decide to trick Hans into a marriage and then do away with him for the money.

Hans is overjoyed to have married the most beautiful woman he’s ever seen but things turn sour at the wedding banquet when, in show of friendliness and inclusivity, the the carnival folk each drink from a large glass whilst chanting before offering it to Cleopatra who recoils in horror and screams ‘Freaks’ repeatedly. Prior to this she’s already been seen in an embrace with Hercules and has been drugging Hans’ champagne with some sort of poison. In a final humiliation, she makes several allusions to Hans’ childlike stature and manhood (or lack thereof) before putting him on her back as if he were a toddler.

Cleopatra then continues to slow poison Hans but unbeknownst to her he knows what’s up and he and the others plan their revenge. An opportune storm hits the convoy in which Hercules attempts to rape or kill his former girlfriend whilst Cleopatra runs off intro the storm pursued by the mob with knives in their teeth. In the extant version of the film this is all we see – we cut back to the sideshow proprietor who provided the opening of a framing sequence who shows us Cleopatra now disfigured and stuffed into some kind of chicken suit – a freak, like those she despised. In the full version we would have seen her legs be hit by a falling tree and her lover Hercules castrated – now emasculated he also joins their group as a member of the deformed.

We are told in the lengthy prose prologue about the code of the carnival freaks (a title they embrace for themselves), of how they stick together and a wrong done against one is done against all. Looked down upon by society and often cast out by their natural families, or even sold on to goodness knows what kind of horror in virtualised slavery who else do they have to turn to other than each other? Lacking any other recourse to justice or protection isn’t their turning on Cleopatra and Hercules who have, after all, attempted to murder and rob their friend, just natural manifest justice?

Some will argue that Freaks is exploitative, aren’t we being expected to flock toward this title to gawp at the oddities? Yes, and then again no. Browning knows we will do this, it’s part of the point of his film after all. We come as voyeurs – allured by the title and the film’s reputation but our expectations are subverted. The carnival folk are good, honest people who are kind and fiercely loyal to their friends. They are willing to welcome Cleopatra into their group yet she cruelly rejects their friendship and pays them back with scorn. The real freaks are the two ‘normal’ people who are prepared to dupe an unsuspecting man in love, exploiting his emotions for their own personal gain before dispatching him completely without a second thought.

In this way Freaks does what all horror should do, it reflects the part of yourself that is ugly, that you’d rather keep hidden. It isn’t ‘otherness’ that’s frightening, it’s your own greed and hate and prejudice. It’s just a shame that it took us so long to be able to face what we so loathe in ourselves that we can finally see Tod Browning’s Freaks for what we are.

Seen at the Prince Charles Cinema, 9th October 2012. 35mm

Updates! (or Lack Of)

I guess I haven’t been updating this blog as much as I should; I’m going to be trying to rectify but that but part of the reason is that I’ve been writing for UK-anime.net reviewing Live Action Asian cinema for about a year now so a lot of things that might have been here have been there! I’m going to try to remember to link them all here (as long as the good folks at uk-anime don’t mind) but here are a few recent ones:

Blu Ray:

Tetsuo: The Iron Man / Tetsuo 2: Body Hammer

Lady Snowblood

Festival Coverage:

Zipangu Fest 2012:

Raindance 2012:

Hopefully I’ll be able to keep this a bit more current! Anyway, in the meantime, here’s a trailer for Third Window Films’ Tetsuo release which (as you can see from my review) is pretty much essential viewing!

Secret Screenings: The Imposter 14th August 2012 (Spoiler Free)

This was my first visit to Secret Screenings – a sister strand to Secret Cinema that aims to show as yet unseen films for one night only with the Secret Cinema touch only on a smaller scale. This is, in fact, only the second of such events, the first having been Searching For Sugarman complete with a performance by Rodriguez himself. My first contact with this event was a rather ominous email taking the form of a court summons and asking me to confirm my attendance at the above day time (i.e buy a ticket).

Dutifully doing so I began to wonder what the film might be. Secret Screenings kept up the crime & punishment theme, posting lots prison related links and videos like Johnny Cash at San Quentin etc so I started to think about prison films. However, things started to skew a little and there seemed to be more about truth vs fiction and identification so I started to think about recent films along those lines.

There was only one thing it could be – I was convinced Secret Screenings were going to show us Bart Layton’s The Imposter. The first thing I noticed when I arrived at Conway Court Hall was the Spanish telephone box, being a bit dim though I didn’t really connect it with the film until later. There wasn’t a queue as such when I arrived but I could immediately see the police presence and after a while one of the officers asked us to line up behind the desk. While we were lined up other officers walked up and down the line checking tickets etc and keeping order. There were also more Secret Screenings signs around here including the lyrics to a song.

While I was near the front of the queue a boy, dressed in suspiciously thick clothing for the hot day, came and sat inside the phone box and I immediately knew my guess had been correct as I recognised it from the promotional material for the film. On finally getting inside we had to hand over our questionnaires to the policeman who filed them according to whether we’d selected truth or fiction. The girl in front of me refused to choose and after some arguing he gave in and created a separate pile. The questionnaires didn’t appear to have any further use and nothing more was made of them on the evening.

The ‘court house’ wasn’t open yet so I wandered around and spotted several ‘Missing’ adverts on the walls – more evidence. When the court did eventually open, we had to pass through a metal detector (which wasn’t switched on or connected to anything but was watched over by a policeman who made sure we went one by one). Once inside we were directed to one side for truth and another for fiction. I sat down on the truth side but this didn’t really make any difference in the end and if you came later you obviously just had to sit wherever there was space.

The film was then introduced by someone dressed as a British style barrister complete with wig who warned us we were to sit in judgement on a very complicated case but not to make up our minds until we’d heard the cross-examination of witnesses after the film had finished.

As you might expect if you’ve read anything at all about the film it is an extraordinarily complicated and distressing case. I came to sympathise with everyone and no-one by turns but even though I was aware of being manipulated I did come to sympathise more with the protagonist than anyone else. After all I’m assuming someone checked the injuries he claimed to have sustained as part his ‘story’ and that therefore he must have received these injuries at some point himself. One of the family members does describe him as walking with a limp from the beginning but I suppose he could have been putting it on all along.

After the film finished we were treated to a Q&A with the director and ‘star’ of the film private investigator Charlie Parker which took the form of a cross-examination by the barrister from the introduction. A lot of questions were asked about the level of scripting in the film and use of actors (none, bar brief reconstruction scenes) and whether anyone had been payed to appear in the film (expenses only). Apparently Frederic Bourdin now disowns the film because he thinks it makes him look bad and harangues the director about it on twitter. Charlie Parker talked how he came to be involved in the case – a current affairs program brought him on board to do some investigative work on a piece they were running about the Barclay family. By chance Parker was standing right next to a picture of the boy who disappeared whilst looking at Bourdin and could see what no-one else could see – it wasn’t him (not least because the shape of his ears was all wrong). Parker then became determined to expose Bourdin as an imposter believing him to be some kind of spy (!). Later Parker formulated his own opinion about what must have happened to the real Nicholas Barclay and is continuing to investigate the case although it has been closed by the police department and FBI.

I would urge everyone to see this fascinating documentary for themselves and make up their own mind. It is obviously very upsetting in terms of its subject matter, the boy who went missing at thirteen is of course still still unaccounted for. It’s a very interesting look at deception and why someone was able to get away with something so absurd in this particular case. There are no easy answers and the film certainly raises lots of questions about human nature and the way that it is often exploited.

Crossroads of Youth – Barbican centre 2nd August 2012

London was treated to something very special today as Korea’s oldest surviving silent film was screened at the barbican exactly the way its original 1934 audience would have seen it.

Young-bok has been adopted into Bong-Sun’s family as her intended husband. For seven long years he’s done everything that’s been asked of him, no matter how tedious or demanding, without complaint. Now 21, Bong-sun’s father is beginning to think the time for Young-bok’s marriage is near seeing as Bong-sun is now sixteen. However, tragedy strikes as Bong-sun is seduced by another man from the village. Heartbroken, Young-bok takes off for the city to make something of himself there, leaving his mother and sister behind in his home village.

Although Yong-bok is a good and kind young man, his heartbreak leads him to waste his life in drink. When working at the station one day he catches sight of the man who crushed all his young hopes in the village – little does he know of the havoc he is still to wreak on Young-bok’s city life.

Unbeknownst to Young-bok, his younger sister has come to the city to look for him following the death of their mother. Unable to find him she takes a job as hostess in a bar where she falls prey to the same man that ruined Bong-sun and an even worse friend of his. Young-bok also begins a tentative romance with a girl, Ge-soon, who pumps petrol but she has her own problems as her father’s ill health and rising debts have decreed she is to become the third wife of a money lender to satisfy them. Can these three young people find each other and happiness despite the poverty and hardship to which they’ve been subjected?

In contrast to the way silent films were usually seen in the west, in Korea rather than the intertitles we use to give crucial information of the story a live narrator (byeonsa) would interpret the action and/or act some of it out. As I understand it director Ahn’s original script is lost (though fortunately a brief synopsis had survived) and a new version had to be put together by closely watching the film and filling in the gaps.  Kim Tae-yong director of Late Autumn and Family Ties effectively re-directed the piece for for the stage along with Cho Hee-bong who fills the role of the narrator. The new script is obviously not afraid to embrace the melodrama of the film’s storyline in a self aware way, even throwing in a few knowing jokes at its own expense.

The performance began with a song by two young actors portraying Ge-soon and Young-bok, both of whom had absolutely wonderful voices and interpretation. Even though there were no subtitles for this first part it didn’t matter as the heartfelt intention of the song came across perfectly. Once this finished the film started playing with English subtitles for what the narrator was saying. Occasionally the subtitles didn’t cover the length of the narrator’s speech or perhaps missed some of the nuances of his humour but there was never a problem knowing what was going on. There was then another song about half way through covering a particularly intense scene between Ge-soon and Young-bok with the narrator adding occasional dialogue in the middle and a final song song functioning as an epilogue. The film was accompanied throughout by a band of four musicians playing an energetic and lively score which worked extremely well with the film and atmosphere.

All in all it was a fascinating and extremely enjoyable experience which deserves to be seen as widely as possible.

Secret Cinema – 3rd June 2012. Prometheus

This Secret Cinema seemed a bit different, in that it seemed fairly obvious all along what the film was going to be. Secret Cinema evidently had quite a big budget with this one – full page ads in The Guardian, multiple websites and promo videos so there was less in the way of clues and intrigue but perhaps more in terms of content. After I had signed up to their website and bought ‘shares’ in Brave New Ventures – apparently some sort of R&D company – I was instructed to choose my career path from the website. I chose to be a ‘Data Scientist’ as it seemed to fit me best (I guess in the end it was more along the lines of a social archaeologist  or anthropologist). Uniforms could be obtained from BNV Stores and I would need a blue jump suit. Dutifully I went down to the store but being on the shorter side my new employers were unable to accommodate me; I bought a badge and found alternative arrangements for the coveralls.

As the day approached there wasn’t as much input from SC as there had been previously but nevertheless it was very exciting. I arrived at the meeting point at Euston Station a bit before my appointed time of 12pm and waited for other people in jumpsuits to arrive. While I was waiting I met Professor Edwards, who didn’t seem know anything about our mission either. Eventually there were quite a few of us there and we were marched up the road to the right and into where the BNV stores had previously been. After an ID check (read: ticket check) and currency exchange (I guess I effectively bought a tiny bit of orange perspex for £10 but it is quite cool), we had to queue up for decontamination (being sprayed with something in the car wash) before lining up at out appointed embarkation gate by order of profession.

Once the gate finally opened I, and the other data scientists, were led off to our section HQ by our leader (Holloway!) where we were briefed about out mission – finding out the origins of man etc. Looking round the room afterwards I was very excited to find a picture marked ‘The Ripley Scroll’.  After that there was some free roaming, I tried going up one set of steps but an alarm went off so I stopped. Going down some other steps I ended up in the cargo bay and got a mission to take a box to the infirmary, which I did so I roamed round there and eventually into the mess hall, crew areas etc. After a while there was a countdown to external shutdown and I was shuffled back to my original gate. I was told to hold onto the flowers while we launched. After that it was into the hypersleep pods! We lay there for about a minute listening to Radiohead’s Everything In Its Right Place.

After waking we were told to go to the mess hall but on my way David gave me a flower to take for analysis which I did, it was analysed by Dr Boden but she didn’t find anything and gave me a curt note for Holloway. On my way to find him however I was given ANOTHER FLOWER so I had to do the whole thing over again but Doctor Boden said she’d take me to the infirmary to make sure I was OK after the hypersleep.

However when we got to the cargo bay there was a mission just about to go down to the surface so I joined that. I had to put on green overall over my jumpsuit and a helmet (and eat some bread, which was very nice). The planet surface was pitch black so I mostly kept close to the people in front of me and followed the guides, we saw some of those geyser type things, alien markings and some kind of miraculous projection.

I wasn’t really sure what to do after that but just then people started getting ‘sick’, I tried wandering around but more and more areas were closed off because of ‘contamination’ and eventually I found myself herded back into a lift and  back at the cargo bay. Some people were on the floor convulsing and others were tying to help them. I stood on the side as more and more people became ‘sick’ and the BNV staff were obviously upset. Many of them were shouting things like ‘someone tell me what’s going on’ and ‘what’s happening’, ‘we need a containment officer over here’. After awhile of total chaos someone just started shouting to come this way so we followed and were led to the ‘escape pod’ (or screening room) to watch the film – Prometheus!

As a huge fan of Alien(s) this was absolutely fantastic to me, really loved being in the world and and interacting with Weyland-Yutani.The whole experience was just amazing, could not fault it!

Secret Cinema: The Third Man (11th December 2011)

My second visit to Secret Cinema (proper that is, excluding last summer’s The Lost Boys) was every bit as impressive as the first. This time I was in on the ground floor so to speak so I felt much more involved the run up to the event itself. So what were the clues – a pan European Post-War setting, smuggling, spy drama, involvement of The British Consulate?! I was pretty sure I’d figured it out but then they kept throwing the occasional curve ball like the simultaneous screening in Afghanistan that made me doubt myself. In the end though what else could it have been other than Carol Reed’s seminal film The Third Man.

Upon receiving my instructions from ‘The Provost’ it seemed I’d been put into the British military police group (Guardians) and was to be attending a funeral so I needed to wear a black armband or scarf and bring a single flower to lay at the grave. After traveling somewhat nervously to what turned out to be a disused warehouse near The Barbican I identified my meeting point and began to wait there despite being quite early. However, I was soon approached by The Provost who greeted me warmly but warned me that I might be in for a bit of a surprise.

He was not misleading me, though I had been assigned as a guardian I was ordered into a different alleyway by a Russian soldier along with people from all the various groups. We were then led a bit further down where we were passed on to the criminal element who informed us that we were now all part of his gang – we were smugglers and bootleggers and were to avoid the police and particularly the Russians at all costs. He then led us a further on again and we witnessed the funeral of ‘a very important man in Vienna’ (Harry Lime of course) from the public side of the railings outside the churchyard. We then heard some strange noises and were instructed to run the next part of the journey to evade capture by the police! Our ‘boss’ (who himself had a heavy limp) then deposited us at the entrance gate which was staffed by some very scary Russians!

Once we’d gotten through the check point we were lined up the courtyard and escorted into a ‘secret’ entrance which involved some very difficult terrain. Bypassing the main entrance we were lead across some planking and into a narrow corridor leading to a basement which was almost pitch black – it was incredibly difficult just to see the person in front of me so I could follow them and I nearly tripped a few times because I couldn’t see if there were steps. We climbed over beams and squeezed through dark and narrow passageways into what was the brewing/distilling area for the bootlegged alcohol until we eventually found the stairway into the main area.

Once inside were free to roam around and engage whichever tasks took our fancy. I wandered around exploring and taking photos looking for where the action was and it wasn’t long before I tracked down ‘Holly’ and ‘Lena’.  After that I tried to keep following them but I lost them a few times. Some highlights: The French police raiding the old lady’s apartment, meeting Dr Winkel and his ‘friend’, the children’s hospital (some lucky man was getting some attention from a nurse one time when I went by), the ‘lab’ right at the top of building which I later helped the British/Russian military police raid (this was very exciting!), being pushed into a room and taught drill and right at the very end I ended up stood right in front of ‘Lena’ as they brought ‘Harry’s body’ out of the sewers and had to tell her who it was! I didn’t know what to say at first, whether I was supposed to play along or not but I just answered honestly and it was a bit sad, I felt quite bad about it. After the big showdown we were all led into the various areas for the screening. I ended up in Cecil’s seminar room so he introduced the film which was preceded by a really funny noiresque short about a trio of people who were really bad at trying to murder each other.

I think I probably enjoyed Battle of Algiers a bit more because it felt like such a big experience, I was quite moved/overwhelmed as I left that screening streaming past the actors in posed in white gowns and attitudes of peace. The Third Man, despite being one of my favourites, obviously doesn’t quite have that sort of resonance so even though I really enjoyed it perhaps it didn’t quite impact me in the same way. As always though it was extremely well done and the only thing I really hope for next time is some more comfortable chairs for watching the film (and for it not to be freezing cold!).

Pastoral Hide and Seek

Terayama’s Pastoral Hide and Seek is a post modern meditation on the nature of truth and memory. Totally surreal, a man’s childhood populated by bizarre circus troupe, nuns with eye patches, strange fascinations with clocks. Then the director gets fed up with the deceptiveness of his own vision, so then he tuns up inside his own childhood and tries to mess about with it. Odd but oddly affecting

Pandemonium (Shura)

Matsumoto once said that if Funeral Parade of Roses was filmed in white, this was filmed in black. It’s certainly a very bleak and unsettling film with its dreamlike horror and sense of inevitability. The film begins with a sort of vision sequence where the protagonist comes home to find a tangled mess of body parts, followed by bodies, followed by the lifeless corpse of the woman he loves and a man hanging from the ceiling. Later he is visited by a former servant who’s arrived with the news that 47 of his fellow samurai (yep, THAT 47) plan to rise against their cruel master and that his former serfs and peasant folk have clubbed together and raised the money for him to take his rightful place alongside them.

Overcome with joy and relief Gengobe takes the money and pledges to go to the town the next morning and join his comrades. However, he’s also gotten himself mixed up with a courtesan who has other ideas and urges Gengobe to spend this money on her freedom so that they might marry. At first Gengobe sticks to his duty but fearing for the courtesan’s life he gives in and squanders the money on her. Of course, as it turns out there’s more to this woman and her, er pimp?, than first thought. Gengobe has been conned out of the money so many people made big sacrifices to get him and now there’s no way he’ll be able to fulfill his samurai duties. Hurt, humiliated, ruined, Gengobe has nothing left to live for and this pushes him into a dangerous mania for revenge that trails behind him a wake of scattered corpses.

Chilling. Somehow the atmosphere of this film is so completely unsettling you feel the cold rising through your bones just sitting in the cinema seats. There’s no other word for the world of this film than hell. It’s not a horror film, it’s not the violence or the blood that’s upsetting, it’s the sheer oppressive atmosphere of despair. A claustrophobia of fate. It’s this that stays with you, an odd feeling of inevitable doom.

Not a pleasant a film to watch then, but a very impressive one.

A Man Vanishes

 

Imamura’s A Man Vanishes starts out as a documentary surrounding the disappearance of a plastics salesman but eventually becomes a discourse on truth, reality and cinema. We begin in documentary fashion by paying a visit to the police station and having the details of the missing man related to us. We then hear from the man’s fiancée who it seems is very keen to find him, and his family who are worried but also hurt and disappointed. It transpires that Oshima, the absent centre of the film, had many secrets those closest to him did not know. He had previously been suspended from his place of work for embezzlement, though the money had been repaid and the matter settled. He was also a drinker and according to his friends had been expressing doubts about his planned marriage, either because he did not want to marry or because he disapproved of his future sister-in-law’s supposedly ‘immoral’ lifestyle. There is also a rumour he’d been having an affair with a waitress which resulted in a pregnancy.

All this information uncovered and still no real clue as to Oshima’s whereabouts, Imamura takes the bold step of deciding to put the fiancée on television. After this things start to change, the fiancee seems to have lost her zeal to find her intended and, as it turns out, has developed feelings for the interviewer on the documentary (who is actually an actor). Shortly after this they visit a kind of spirit medium who claims the future sister-in-law has poisoned Oshima and disposed of the body because she too was in love with him and did not wish to share.

This ultimately leads to a showdown in a tea house in which the fiancée confronts her sister with the evidence so far and seems unwilling to believe her denials. Except at the climactic moment Imamura orders the set to come down around them and we see they’re just in a pretend tea house room in the middle of a soundstage. This ‘reality’ was fabricated, and other filmmakers will come here to make their fictional truths or untruthful realities. We thought we were watching fact, but it was a construction.

The final scene of the film then follows this up further, Imamura announces what we’re watching is a reconstruction, a fiction, as a man swears he saw Oshima going up the stairs with the sister, which she flatly denies. Another witness then shows up and reaffirms his testimony about having seen Oshima and the sister, and the debate continues with some of the participants becoming quite irate. Can we believe anything we’re seeing here, what or how much of this is truth? What is truth anyway, what is reality?

Was there a man who vanished, are these the people in the his life? If they are, are they themselves or have they begun to play versions of themselves more suited to film? Imamura later said this film might more rightly have been called ‘When a Woman Becomes an Actress’, and it is true that you can see a definite change in the fiancée after her television appearance. Or can you, is it just the way Imamura presents it or has the change really taken places since the woman became a ‘character’ watched by the TV audience? Just as we’ve been unable to reconstruct a accurate picture of Oshima through the descriptions of those who knew him, our vision of the major players, the fiancée and her sister is also clouded by Imamura’s presence.

Imamura’s assertions that objective documentary making is pointless and that greater truth can be displayed through fictional film making are carried right the way through the film. What you largely have are ideas which are then reconstructed by the film maker in the editing suite. It’s a document of real people and real lives but only from one perspective. Fictional film making, in Imamura’s view, is better able to articulate human truths than this patching together of material which cannot be a fully accurate representation.

A Man Vanishes is one of Imamura’s most intriguing films but nevertheless has been unavailable with English subtitles for a long time. Thankfully Masters of Cinema will be releasing a new version on DVD in a couple of months the viewing of which will, hopefully, help to clear things up a little (but then again, maybe not).

Funeral Parade of Roses

 

An inverted retelling of Sophocle’ Oedipus, Funeral Parade of Roses has become a landmark in Gay Japanese Cinema. Eddie (geddit?), a transvestite living in Tokyo makes her money at a gay bar and has begun an affair with this boss. This has created an awkward situation with the boss’s ‘wife’ who runs the club and has become increasingly jealous and antagonistic towards Eddie.  Something from Eddie’s past is also haunting her and will turn out to have major repercussions for herself and others.

Funeral Parade of Roses is notable for its explicit detailing of 1960s gay life in Tokyo. Eddie and her friends have wild parties where they take drugs and discuss avant-garde films from America whilst watching distorted pictures of the student riots on the TV. The films even breaks with its narrative to interview various people, including a couple of the the actors, about gay life.

This is just one of many of the post-modern techniques that Matsumoto employs, often breaking up the narrative with vox pop sessions, inserted signs etc. He often repeats scenes or sections of scenes and sometimes breaks them off only to return at exactly that point later on. The overall timeline of the plot only becomes clear near the end when you’re able to piece these scenes together into a coherent narrative. An important and influential film, Funeral Parade of Roses is a must for fans of Japanese Cinema.