Paradise Lost (실낙원, Yeon Sang-ho, 2026)

“I hope you can accept reality,” So-young’s (Kim Hyun-joo) well-meaning boss advises her on handing over a literal key to unlocking the source of her trauma, but for many reasons, reality does not seem to be something that So-young will ever be ready to accept. Less about AI than the pull of grief and the complicated relationship between a parent and a child, Yeon Sang-ho’s dark maternal drama Paradise Lost (실낙원, Sillagwon) asks if we can actually accept our children when they grow into something that we no longer recognise or cannot approve of.

Thirteen years previously, So-young’s young son Sun-woo was one of 13 children aboard a bus that was hijacked by its driver and abandoned in a former mining area. The body of their teacher was found close to the bus, with the bodies of five children recovered nearby along with evidence that the others, including Sun-woo, may have suffered a similar fate though their remains were not recovered as the abandoned mine in which the police suspected the killer had disposed of them was judged too unstable for rescuers to enter safely. As expected, the crime provoked national mourning leading to an AI company stepping in to help ease the parents’ grief by creating avatars of their children they could interact with in a virtual reality world.

This appears quite exploitative on behalf of the AI company which is clearly making use of the parents’ grief to promote their products. It’s later said that they deleted the avatar of one child when one of their parents was arrested for drink driving fearing bad publicity. But when So-young visits them later, they remind her that the programme was only supposed to be a temporary diversion to help her adjust to the loss of her child. Even they think it’s time she stopped using it so often, while other parents have apparently made the decision to give up the service or consented to their child’s avatar being deleted. But on the other hand, the virtual Sun-woo becomes sullen when So-young does not turn up at the usual time and tearfully begs her not to abandon him like the other parents, or at least not to do it without warning.

The film is pretty clear that it at least does not accept that virtual Sun-woo is a “real” entity that is capable of emotions such as sadness, and that So-young is delusional in believing that it is. She only does so because she cannot accept the reality of her son’s death, and the avatar is then more like a reflection of her grief, no different from a ghost and the AI company akin to spiritualists of dubious intentions. But on the other hand, the programme offers her a more convenient kind of parenthood or a maternal paradise in which Sun-woo will always be her perfect little boy, never growing older or changing in ways the displease or challenge her. When the flesh and blood Sun-woo (Bae Hyun-sung) reappears years later as a young man, he’s basically a stranger and she is incapable of accepting him, not least because she discovers that he himself has become a violent and sadistic killer who may be responsible for the disappearance of the adorable little boy next door who reminds her so much of the younger Sun-woo.

In some ways, what this might really be about is the kind grief a mother might feel for a child that’s grown up or a mourning for a family life she longs to return to that only exists in the past. This is a fairly extreme example, but the film attempts to paint the flesh and blood adult Sun-woo as an avatar of the demonic, and the perfect child Sun-woo in the app as that of the angelic. So-young must choose between the “reality” of what her flesh and blood son has become and the “fantasy” of a perpetual childhood in which he will forever be her lovely little boy who just wants to eat his mother’s omelettes and play hide-and-seek. In the end it seems as if she cannot quite find it within herself to move on and prefers to stay in this purgatorial existence with each of her sons, ending up in both heaven and hell simultaneously. Intensely bleak, Yeon’s drama likens the abyss of grief to the shaft of a disused mine, descending forever into the darkness with no end in sight, while its heroine, in the end, has no desire to climb out.


Paradise Lost opens in US cinemas Nov. 6 courtesy of Well Go USA.

Trailer (English subtitles)

Black Money (블랙머니, Chung Ji-young, 2019)

Following hot on the heels of Default, Chung Ji-young’s financial thriller Black Money (블랙머니) once again has some questions to ask about the nature of capitalism in South Korea. Loosely based on a real life incident concerning the sale of the Korea Exchange Bank (KEB) to American private equity firm Lone Star Funds, Chung’s film points the finger at systematised corruption as its collection of greedy financial elites peddle national interest as a reason for keeping the public in the dark when it comes to their dodgy dealings.

The trouble starts in 2011 when an illicit couple, one working for Daehan bank and the other for the Financial Supervisory Service, are bumped off after being called in by the Supreme Prosectors’ Office in connection with an ongoing corruption investigation into the sale of the bank at rock bottom prices. The male bank employee is killed when the couple is run off the road by a truck but the FSS woman, Su-gyeong (Lee Na-ra), manages to escape. Fully aware that her life is at threat, she tries to get herself arrested by the police for protection but fails and is later discovered dead in her car next to a charcoal briquette. A “suicide note” in the form of a text message to her sister suggests that she has chosen to take her own life because of the aggressive tactics of prosecutors one of whom sexually harassed her after which she felt too humiliated to go on living. 

The mention of sexual harassment is intended to act as a tiny bomb by the shady forces in play, fully aware that just mentioning those words makes the entire case toxic ensuring it will be shut down never to be mentioned again. They have, however, picked the wrong man for their patsy in “bulldozer” Yang Min-hyuk (Cho Jin-woong) who is outraged to have been unfairly labelled a sex offender and will stop at nothing to clear his name, eventually uncovering the entire conspiracy after realising that Su-gyeong’s death was almost certainly a murder.

In this, Yang is obviously acting in self interest, which isn’t to say that he doesn’t care about the conspiracy, but it’s not his primary motivation. His opposing number, Kim Na-ri (Lee Honey), is perhaps much the same, a victim of her upbringing but increasingly conflicted. Brought up by a right-wing, ultra-capitalist professor who is good friends with former prime minister Lee Gwang-ju (Lee Kyoung-young) now working on the Daehan bank sale, Na-ri tells herself she’s acting in the national interest in her desire to set up her own international trade law firm to prevent Korea being taken advantage of by bigger foreign economic powers and in particular the Americans. Despite her law background, what Na-ri has mainly found herself doing is more like PR, finding palatable ways forward to make sure the deal goes through on favourable terms despite the already widespread public outcry.

Surprisingly, Na-ri and Yang end up bonding over the course of the investigation, discovering they have more in common than either might have assumed. Given the kind of evidence that Yang is digging up which points to a wide scale conspiracy involving complex fraud and murder, Na-ri finds herself conflicted. Maybe she isn’t quite as committed to ultra-capitalism as her father is, giving Lee’s speech at the Davos conference the heart-warming title of “free trade with a human face” which apparently went down very well with the audience. Whatever else she is, she’s a lawyer, and the kind of lawyer who doesn’t really like it when people break the law, so she’d rather not think that she’s been party to criminality without ever realising. Lee, meanwhile, uses their familial closeness against her, adopting a sleazy kind of sexist paternalism as he brushes off her concerns as if telling her not to worry her pretty little head about it while tacitly admitting what he’s up to isn’t quite right but is justifiable because the economy must be protected at all costs. 

Only, that’s a difficult claim to square when Na-ri’s restructuring plans for Daehan involve hundreds of workers being laid off and some of them are currently on a hunger strike in the public square to protest. Na-ri is used to thinking in big numbers, she’s not usually confronted by the human face of their results and the weight of her responsibility does perhaps shake her. Yang too is used to being equivocal, declaring himself a neutral force because his job is to enforce the law equally, but he got into this after his dad was involved in a traffic accident where the other driver turned out to be a chaebol kid, so he knows all about systemic inequality and entrenched corruption. Nevertheless, self interest continues to play its part. The sympathetic chief prosecutor who put his career on the line to take the case forward is ousted through a trumped up charge while his replacement offers to shelve it in return for a promotion. A combination of bribery and violence conspires to keep the financial elites doing what they’re doing because no one is secure enough to stop them. 

Trying to discourage her from her newfound sense of responsibility, Na-ri’s father reminds her that Lee is like family to them, which is one reason he’s put her forward for a top job as a financial commissioner, explaining that “that’s how we live through capitalism. Just accept it. It’s not something you can change on your own”. Chung ends the film with a sense of triumph as the common man, Yang, makes an impassioned speech in front of an angry mob, but according to the on screen text his was an empty victory because no one was ever brought to justice over the “illegal” bank sale which put a lot of ordinary citizens out of work while already wealthy elites lined their pockets aided by the financial authorities and a rotten judiciary. An attack on rampant capitalism, Black Money is not afraid to announce where its allegiances lie but seemingly has few answers other than indignation towards an inherently corrupt society ruled by greed and indifferent to the suffering of ordinary people.


Original trailer (no subtitles)